Objective: The science CLASSIFICATION and LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION are the two well-known study fields, the first, subject to science field and the second subject to LIBRARY and Information Science field. These two concepts are very close to each other. Regardless of the connection between these two, there exist fundamental questions, to name one: what is the need for compilation of science CLASSIFICATION systems or LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules? There are many studies on these tow schemes, which can be divided into the following four categories: 1) Discussing the general issues (like definition, necessity and challenges), 2) describing one or more CLASSIFICATION systems, 3) analyzing the perspectives of Islam and Muslims, and 4) specifying the components of science CLASSIFICATION or LIBRARY-bibliographic CLASSIFICATION as to interdisciplinary fields and the theories thereof. In none of the existing works, a combination of these two… is studied in a comprehensive and detailed sense. Accordingly, this study aims at running a comparative study of science CLASSIFICATION systems and LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules in the context of the time trends, thematic tendencies of the designers, the approaches and CLASSIFICATION criteria, the count of branches and their efficiency and influence thereof. Methodology: The two documentary and content analysis methods are adopted here. In the documentary analysis section, a collection of relevant documents is identified through a targeted sampling method. In the content analysis, quantitative and qualitative methods are applied. According to the purpose and type of research, the census method is applied. Finding: The review run on the texts led to the identification of 99 science CLASSIFICATION systems and 57 LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules. The climax of the science CLASSIFICATION systems formation is toured in the Middle Ages with a frequency of 45 (46. 39%) and the LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules climax is toured in the contemporary age with a frequency of 29 (51. 78%). In terms of expertise and subject area, 54 percent of science CLASSIFICATION systems are developed by philosophers and 42 percent of LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules are developed by librarians. In terms of CLASSIFICATION systems criteria, the "religious-orientation" with frequency of 11 CLASSIFICATIONs for the science CLASSIFICATION systems and the "subject-orientation" with frequency of 9 CLASSIFICATION for LIBRARY-bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules top other criteria. The count of developers of science CLASSIFICATION system are influenced by Farabi, an Iranian philosopher, is 14. The count of the same influenced by Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, is seven. As to LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules, the most influential person is Francis Bacon. In the science CLASSIFICATION systems, 35. 38 percent (23 cases), are divided into two categories, while in the LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules, most of the sub-categories are quartet and decimalized (each are with 13. 63 percent (6 CLASSIFICATIONs). Conclusion: Comparing these two CLASSIFICATION systems according to these criteria provides an appropriate perspective of these systems from the beginning to the present. Therefore, the results of this research can be applied to the country's scientific policies in the field of science CLASSIFICATION systems and LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schedules. Regardless of the relation between these two systems, there are fundamental questions about these two domains. Among them, one can point to the question of whether the necessity of codification of CLASSIFICATION systems of science or LIBRARY bibliographic CLASSIFICATION schemes is right?

Purpose: materialized of this topic.Methodology: The adopted research method in this study is analytic. Consequently, the 1) related literature on “discipline” and “Interdisciplinarity” and the interdisciplinary issue in the LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION systems and 2) “Interdisciplinarity” in 53 LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION systems are analyzed here.Given the nature of this subject, purposive sampling and census are applied.Findings: The findings indicate that LIBRARY CLASSIFICATIONs are developed based on academic disciplines and so the important status of Interdisciplinarity is ignored. The prevailing approach in developing the LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION systems consist of the classic logic.Conclusion: Because of ignorance in interdisciplinarity in the LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION systems, following a compound approach in LIBRARY CLASSIFICATIONs like phenomenon-based and domain analysis CLASSIFICATIONs is necessary. Also, the transition from classical LIBRARY CLASSIFICATIONs to the ones with fuzzy logic approach would be applicable.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the theories and theoretical studies in the field of LIBRARY CLASSIFICATIONs and historical context of them in order to identify the approaches and developments in the field of CLASSIFICATION.Methodology/Approach: The method of research was literature review and investigation of the theory of CLASSIFICATIONs.Results: The main theories in the designing of LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION systems that have been proposed include: Theory of Literary Warrant, Theory of scientific and educational consensus, Theory of phenomenon based knowledge organization CLASSIFICATION, theory of integrative levels, Theory of Evolutionary Order, Information Coding CLASSIFICATION, and Universal Binary CLASSIFICATION.Conclusion: Current approaches in the knowledge organization have been shifted from static CLASSIFICATION to dynamic, from universe of knowledge to universe of concepts and from deductive approaches to inductive approaches.Keywords: Theory of Literary Warrant, Theory of scientific and educational consensus, Theory of phenomenon based knowledge organization CLASSIFICATION, theory of integrative levels, Theory of Evolutionary Order, Information Coding CLASSIFICATION, and Universal Binary CLASSIFICATION.

Purpose: To identify key researchers, publication features (e. g., publication year, journals’ name, etc. ), thematic trends, and gaps and shortcomingsin the field. Method: By searching the databases (Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc); Comprehensive database of humanities (Ensani), Noor specialized magazines websites (Noormags), and Scientific Information Databases (SID), 231 articles and 64 theses and dissertations in were identified. After refinements, 22 articles and 33 theses and dissertations were selected and analyzed. Findings: Studies showed that most researchers are LIS graduates. The majority of theses belonged to the University of Tehran. 17 of the articles are published in scientific research journals the 5 number of articles are published in the Journal of National Studies on Librarianship and Information Organization. Also, most of the thesis and articles are related to Dewey Decimal CLASSIFICATION (DDC) and LIBRARY of Congress CLASSIFICATIONs (LCC) scheme. Most of the published articles belong to the authors from the University of Isfahan and the University of Tehran. Studies can be divided into two categories: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part examines concepts, theories, relation between scientific CLASSIFICATION and LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION, and position of interdisciplinary sciences that have been welcomed by researchers in the last decade. In the practical part, researchers have studied CLASSIFICATION systems, and extension developed in Iran as well asthe function of classificatiom systems in assigning subjects and creating taxonomies based on the CLASSIFICATION systems. Problems with the development of CLASSIFICATIONs as well as the CLASSIFICATION of digital resources and the need to change CLASSIFICATION systems have been major challenges for researchers over the years. Research on the CLASSIFICATION of audio-visual sources is also insufficient and needs more attention. Conclusion: In recent years, more attention has been paid to theoretical issues. This can lead to the strengthening and expansion or even changes in CLASSIFICATION systems. With the growth of digital resources and the formation of new and interdisciplinary sciences as well as changes in the field of information organization, the efficiency of traditional CLASSIFICATION systems has decreased. Therefore, it is necessary to make changes in this area.

A book titled as Class BP: Extended CLASSIFICATION BP of Islam in LIBRARY of Congress CLASSIFICATION, written by Ahmad Taheri Iraqi has been used more than 50 years to classify the LIBRARY resources and also as a tool and guide for catalogers. The editors of the third edition of this book are Zohre Alavi, Zahra Sadat Modaresi and Mahboobeh Qorbani. It is obvious that writing and providing the extensions to CLASSIFICATIONs is so difficult, though there are shortages and insufficiencies in such works that become clear when they are used professionally at the libraries or special institutes. The present work is going to introduce the book briefly and then discuss the redundancies and insufficiencies based on experiencing and using the extension of it at libraries and also knowing and mastering in the area of Islamic science. We suggested some solutions for rectifying the insufficiencies of this book in order to make general usage. These suggestions are categorizing in 5 groups: first, the corrections that are effective in teaching cataloging; second, adding numbers for the appropriate headings which have bibliographic warrant; third, appropriate examples for some numbers; fourth, doing reformations for categorizing suitable subjects: and fifth, reformations that are meeting the politics of the libraries with the extensions that can be used in all of the special and public libraries.

Purpose: To propose a basis for a LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION scheme based on cultural and doctrinal values of the Islamic world. Methodology: Views of Muslim scholars on CLASSIFICATION of sciences are reviewed and compared with existing LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION schemes. Finding &Results: Since early 8th century Muslim scholars have proposed CLASSIFICATIONs for sciences in accordance to their jurisprudential-moral, ethical-educational, and moral-educational approaches, some having novel features and merits which could be used in developing alternative LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION schemes.

Classical CLASSIFICATION with two-value logic is the basis of most of the CLASSIFICATION schemes, while with the emergence of interdisciplinary sciences, this has become challenging in properly determining their stance in the CLASSIFICATION of science. The method adopted in this study is analytic consisting of document analysis and content analysis. In the first, applying the targeted sampling method, the texts and documents related to the subject are assessed and in second, 125 methods (75 science and 50 LIBRARY-bibliographic CLASSIFICATION). The information related to categories, subcategories, indicators, etc. are identified and registered in the checklists. Here, the census method is adopted. As to the 75 CLASSIFICATION systems of science, the oldest is the Vedic CLASSIFICATION. In relation to Bibliographic CLASSIFICATION Systems, 50 CLASSIFICATION systems, they are of four categories of ancient, medieval, new and modern centuries. The study of main categories, and subcategories of CLASSIFICATION of science systems and LIBRARY-bibliographic CLASSIFICATION systems indicate that basis of “ division of science” or “ division of written sources” in these systems are subject or field and interdisciplinary sciences are not considered in an independent manner. Therefore, we are faced with binary, triple, quaternary etc. in most LIBRARY-bibliographic CLASSIFICATION systems and in the CLASSIFICATION systems of sciences, which are in fact derived from classical logic. The results of the research indicate that the interdisciplinary science fields lack an independent position in 125 CLASSIFICATION systems. In brief, the fuzzy logic is proposed as a substitute methodology and logic in the CLASSIFICATION of sciences and LIBRARY references.

Purpose: Analyzing the subject structure of research in this field can provide valuable information about the current state of the field, including its issues and needs, strengths, gaps, and shortcomings. The present study aims to analyze the global research topics in information science and LIBRARY science, while also reviewing research topics from previous years and identifying thematic gaps. This analysis will provide a foundation for planning and policy research in this field. Methodology: The present study utilized an automated CLASSIFICATION technique. Data analysis was performed on 85, 403 articles indexed on the Web of Science website between 1945 and 2019 in the field of LIBRARY and information science. The source and tool used for extracting research data was Web of Science. After preparing and pre-processing the data and formulating the CLASSIFICATION plan for articles across 31 thematic categories, the logistic regression algorithm has been employed for the automatic CLASSIFICATION of articles. This algorithm assigns articles to their respective thematic categories using the Cosine similarity criterion. The various stages of the research were performed using the Python 3. 7 programming language and the Pandas, Numpy, NLTK, and Plotly software packages. Findings: Most of the global research in this field is dedicated to information technology, while the field of organizational management has the least amount of research. The growth trend of research in many thematic areas is increasing. However, there is further growth in areas such as web studies, information technology, information behavior, user studies, information retrieval, and search engines. After the 1990s, popular terms such as social media, big data, virtual LIBRARY, IoT (Internet of Things), machine learning, deep learning, data mining, open data, artificial intelligence, natural language processing, cloud computing, virtual reality, augmented reality, and machine translation have emerged in research in this field. It appears that the utilization of keywords pertaining to traditional subjects in the field has declined, while the usage of concepts encompassing new topics related to technology and the web has increased. The rapid growth of fields such as web development, technology, artificial intelligence, and data mining has led to the evolution of research topics and increased connections with computer science and information technology, particularly in recent years. The changes in the subjects of this field can be attributed to the development of the web and advancements in technology. Additionally, the concepts and research topics in this field have had an impact on globalization, communication progress, and overall development in various economic, social, and cultural dimensions. Conclusion: The conclusion of the study highlights the thematic trends in LIBRARY and information science research over different time periods. It also identifies the weaknesses in the scientific output of this field, while outlining the evolutionary process and the path of progress and development in the field of science. Due to the fact that scientific outputs are derived from the issues, needs, and priorities of a society at any given time, studying them can help clarify the most important issues and research needs in the field of LIBRARY and information science. This, in turn, can provide a foundation for identifying future research needs and subjects in the field. In other words, having a clear understanding of the subject areas of LIBRARY and information science will help researchers in this field identify the most important issues and needs. This, in turn, will enable them to take appropriate actions when selecting topics for future research. By conducting needs-based research, we can lay the groundwork for policy development and research planning in this field. This approach will also help address potential challenges and problems that may arise. This is despite the fact that if the needs and issues are ignored, research resources and credits will be spent on topics that do not have the necessary priority and importance. It cannot be expected that the findings from these topics will solve the problems and pave the way for the advancement of this field.

Study of the subclass PR, its potentials, weaknesses and probable inconsistency in assigning class numbers to works remained from that period and works about the literature of the period under consideration are the goals of this investigation. Analysis of this part of the schedule was carried out through comparative study of that period. The results confirm the hypothesis of lacking appropriate class numbers for some authors and works of that period. Alternative titles, different spellings of names and use of Latin titles verify the necessity of orientation of the classifiers with literature in general and Anglo-Saxon in particular. Finally this paper suggests that classifiers should consult the literature specialist when needed.